Concentration, or Yoga, is the hindering of the modifications of the thinking principle |
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In other words, the want of concentration of thought is due to the fact that the mind -- here called "the thinking principle" -- is subject to constant modifications by reason of its being diffused over a multiplicity of subjects. So "concentration" is equivalent to the correction of a tendency top, diffuseness, and to the obtaining of what the Hindus call "one-pointedness," or the power to apply the mind, at any moment, to the consideration of a single point of thought, to the exclusion of all else.
Upon this Aphorism the method of the system hinges. The reason for the absence of concentration at any time is, that the mind is modified by every subject and object that comes before it; it is, as it were, transformed into that subject or object. The mind, therefore, is not the supreme or highest power; it is only a function, an instrument with which the soul works, feels sublunary things, and experiences. The brain, however, must not be confounded with the mind, for the brain is in its turn but an instrument for the mind. It therefore follows that the mind has a plane of its own, distinct from the soul and the brain, and what is to be learned is, to use the will, which is also a distinct power from the mind and brain, in such a way that instead of permitting the mind to turn from one subject or object to another just as they may move it, we shall apply it as a servant at any time and for as long a period as we wish, to the consideration of whatever we have decided upon. |
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Vedanta Press & Catalog
1946 Vedanta Pl.
Hollywood, Ca 90068 |
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| Posted: |
21 December, 2008 06:03 |
| Site Title: |
Mystic Planet and New Age Directory of Planet Earth |
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The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali were originally written in Sanskrit which is an Indo-European language. Sankrit is the oldest of the Indo-European languages still in active use. It is closely related to ancient Greek, Latin, Avestan and many other languages. It is the mother of Hindi/Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati, Punjabi, Marathi, Nepali, Simhal(Srilanka) and many other languages. Many Indian and Asian languages use a large number of Sanskrit words. Ancient texts of Hindus of various traditions, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs are in Sanskrit or related languages (Pali/Prakrit/Hindi). The language of Zoroastrian Avesta is a dialect of the Vedic Sanskrit. The word Sanskrit itself mean 'perfected polished literature' and is a highly organised language with a complex grammer.
It is very difficult to translate Sanskrit to English with a word for word literal equality. Many translations attempt to bypass this difficulty in two ways. One is to not translate certain words but to leave them in their anglicized spelling, whereas the reader is expected to learn the definition of the word. Another way the translator will transcend the problem will be to add commentaries further explaining each sentence or phrase. Both systems can be cumbersome to the reader.
This translation does not attempt word for word equality, instead translates each sanskrit word compound to an equivalent English phrase or word pair. This prevents burdening the reader with unfamiliar words or cumbersome commentary.
Also certain words should be recognized as to their intent and meaning. In typical English translations of Yoga concepts, the word Consciousness is frequently used. This word is imprecise when used in the context that Patanjali taught. In this translation the word Awareness is used as it more precisely delivers the meaning Patanjali intended since Consciousness has a connotation of mind and awareness in modern English, whereas Awareness is a more basic, purer concept.
Other important terms used here is the word integration or words meditative integration. In the context of the Yoga Sutras, this word refers to concentration, meditation, and spiritual absorption, jointly together, and is a key concept most translations render as samyama.
The words seer, meditator and Yogi can be considered equivalent in this text. Attempts have been made to render the text gender neutral, where it was too awkward the pronoun he or his is used. |
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| Editor remarks: |
The greatest classical text from the yoga school of Indian philosophy is the Yoga Sutras by Patanjali, written in the second century BC. These "threads" on yoga or union, are extremely terse, stating concisely and often precisely, essential points or techniques. Originally these teachings were oral and were explained and interpreted by commentaries from a teacher guiding the student.
This meditative discipline of liberation is called raja or royal yoga or the yoga of the eight steps, which may be listed as follows:
1. Restraint: nonviolence, not lying, not stealing, not lusting, and nonattachment
2. Observances: cleanliness, contentment, discipline, self-study, and surrender to the Supreme God
3. Posture or physical exercises
4. Breath control
5. Sublimation or withdrawal from the senses
6. Attention
7. Concentration
8. Meditation |
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